Number of Syscalls ID dash ash yash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 osh ysh Description 01 47 69 74 66 156 181 168 4789 4788 echo hi 02 122 144 150 149 244 262 269 4862 4876 date 03 122 144 150 164 244 262 269 4862 4876 date ; 04 131 154 167 165 305 293 328 4969 4968 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 163 165 271 290 294 4967 4966 date; echo hi 06 123 145 154 165 246 266 294 4952 4966 echo hi; date 07 191 215 226 249 332 356 378 4938 4952 date; date 08 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5026 5040 { date; date; } 09 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5026 5040 date; { date; } 10 209 233 249 258 375 411 396 5053 5052 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 69 75 81 187 190 197 4789 4788 (echo hi) 12 122 144 151 166 277 268 300 4862 4876 (date) 13 122 144 152 166 285 274 308 4950 4964 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 165 167 287 302 310 4967 4966 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4952 4966 echo hi; (date) 16 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4952 4966 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 70 78 82 188 194 198 4878 4891 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 124 146 158 181 280 276 324 4953 4967 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4893 4892 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 128 148 155 172 272 268 295 4957 4973 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 125 147 170 174 280 271 303 4957 4973 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 224 246 245 292 387 402 421 5054 5072 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 82 73 166 188 178 4886 4885 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 72 85 89 190 192 200 4888 4901 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 151 173 173 210 305 326 326 4982 5000 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 131 154 164 180 301 299 323 4967 4966 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 175 187 288 305 331 4974 4973 echo $(date) 28 63 87 99 101 198 224 207 4900 4899 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 176 187 318 311 339 4974 4973 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 190 203 321 340 342 4991 4990 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4893 4892 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 218 242 240 287 384 399 418 5045 5063 date | wc -l 33 218 242 256 287 384 399 418 5064 4876 ! date | wc -l 34 143 167 165 203 302 324 323 4971 4989 echo a | wc -l 35 143 167 165 203 302 392 323 4971 4989 command echo a | wc -l 36 218 242 249 287 384 399 447 5045 5063 command date | wc -l 37 218 242 266 288 384 399 447 5064 4876 ! command date | wc -l 38 218 242 240 287 392 406 426 5045 5063 ( date ) | wc -l 39 174 227 222 234 337 331 357 5007 5006 date | read x 40 144 168 168 204 303 303 324 4972 4990 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 186 205 305 334 326 4995 4994 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 220 244 245 303 417 383 450 5048 5066 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 144 168 168 204 303 331 324 4972 4990 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 144 168 169 204 313 338 334 4974 4992 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 145 169 172 220 344 317 364 4975 4993 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 92 90 214 220 223 4890 4889 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 168 175 296 295 318 4876 4875 date & wait 48 153 173 191 214 328 339 348 4985 4984 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 248 267 298 410 413 443 5059 5058 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 176 332 302 354 4968 4967 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 229 253 275 299 462 420 495 5063 5062 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 185 187 363 330 383 4980 4979 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7349 8563 9029 9943 15612 16019 16901 258032 258061