Number of Syscalls ID dash ash yash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 osh ysh Description 01 47 69 74 66 156 181 168 4791 4790 echo hi 02 122 144 150 149 244 262 269 4864 4878 date 03 122 144 150 164 244 262 269 4864 4878 date ; 04 131 154 167 165 305 293 328 4979 4978 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 163 165 271 290 294 4981 4980 date; echo hi 06 123 145 154 165 246 266 294 4966 4980 echo hi; date 07 191 215 226 249 332 356 378 4940 4954 date; date 08 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5040 5054 { date; date; } 09 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5040 5054 date; { date; } 10 209 233 249 258 375 411 396 5067 5066 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 69 75 81 187 190 197 4791 4790 (echo hi) 12 122 144 151 166 277 268 300 4864 4878 (date) 13 122 144 152 166 285 274 308 4964 4978 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 165 167 287 302 310 4981 4980 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4966 4980 echo hi; (date) 16 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4966 4980 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 70 78 82 188 194 198 4892 4905 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 124 146 158 181 280 276 324 4967 4981 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4907 4906 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 128 148 155 172 272 268 295 4971 4987 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 125 147 170 174 280 271 303 4971 4987 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 224 246 245 292 387 402 421 5064 5082 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 82 73 166 188 178 4900 4899 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 72 85 89 190 192 200 4898 4911 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 151 173 172 210 305 326 326 4992 5010 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 131 154 164 180 301 299 323 4981 4980 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 175 187 288 305 331 4988 4987 echo $(date) 28 63 87 99 101 198 224 207 4914 4913 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 176 187 318 311 339 4988 4987 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 190 203 321 340 342 5005 5004 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4907 4906 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 218 242 240 287 384 399 418 5059 5077 date | wc -l 33 218 242 256 287 384 399 418 5078 4890 ! date | wc -l 34 143 167 165 203 302 324 323 4985 5003 echo a | wc -l 35 143 167 165 203 302 392 323 4985 5003 command echo a | wc -l 36 218 242 249 287 384 399 447 5059 5077 command date | wc -l 37 218 242 266 287 384 399 447 5078 4890 ! command date | wc -l 38 218 242 240 287 392 406 426 5059 5077 ( date ) | wc -l 39 174 227 222 234 337 331 357 5021 5020 date | read x 40 144 168 168 204 303 303 324 4986 5004 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 186 205 305 334 326 5005 5004 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 220 244 245 302 417 383 450 5062 5080 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 144 168 168 204 303 331 324 4986 5004 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 144 168 169 204 313 338 334 4984 5002 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 145 169 173 220 344 319 364 4985 5003 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 92 90 214 220 223 4904 4903 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 168 175 296 295 318 4878 4877 date & wait 48 153 173 191 214 328 339 348 4999 4998 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 248 263 298 410 413 443 5073 5072 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 176 332 302 354 4978 4977 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 229 252 274 299 462 420 495 5073 5072 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 185 187 363 330 383 4990 4989 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7349 8562 9024 9941 15612 16021 16901 258636 258665