Number of Syscalls ID dash ash yash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 osh ysh Description 01 47 69 74 66 156 181 168 4786 4785 echo hi 02 122 144 150 149 244 262 269 4859 4873 date 03 122 144 150 164 244 262 269 4859 4873 date ; 04 131 154 167 165 305 293 328 4966 4965 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 163 165 271 290 294 4978 4977 date; echo hi 06 123 145 154 165 246 266 294 4963 4977 echo hi; date 07 191 215 226 249 332 356 378 4935 4949 date; date 08 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5037 5051 { date; date; } 09 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5037 5051 date; { date; } 10 209 233 249 258 375 411 396 5064 5063 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 69 75 81 187 190 197 4786 4785 (echo hi) 12 122 144 151 166 277 268 300 4859 4873 (date) 13 122 144 152 166 285 274 308 4961 4975 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 165 167 287 302 310 4978 4977 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4963 4977 echo hi; (date) 16 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4963 4977 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 70 78 82 188 194 198 4889 4902 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 124 146 158 181 280 276 324 4964 4978 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4904 4903 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 128 148 155 172 272 268 295 4968 4984 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 125 147 170 174 280 271 303 4968 4984 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 224 246 245 292 387 402 421 5051 5069 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 82 73 166 188 178 4897 4896 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 72 85 89 190 192 200 4885 4898 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 151 173 172 210 305 326 326 4979 4997 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 131 154 164 180 301 299 323 4978 4977 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 175 187 288 305 331 4985 4984 echo $(date) 28 63 87 99 101 198 224 207 4911 4910 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 176 187 318 311 339 4985 4984 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 190 203 321 340 342 5002 5001 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4904 4903 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 218 242 240 287 384 399 418 5056 5074 date | wc -l 33 218 242 257 287 384 399 418 5075 4887 ! date | wc -l 34 143 167 165 203 302 324 323 4982 5000 echo a | wc -l 35 143 167 165 203 302 392 323 4982 5000 command echo a | wc -l 36 218 242 249 287 384 399 447 5056 5074 command date | wc -l 37 218 242 266 287 384 399 447 5075 4887 ! command date | wc -l 38 218 242 240 287 392 406 426 5056 5074 ( date ) | wc -l 39 174 227 222 234 337 331 357 5018 5017 date | read x 40 144 168 168 204 303 303 324 4983 5001 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 186 205 305 334 326 4992 4991 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 220 244 245 302 417 383 450 5059 5077 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 144 168 168 204 303 331 324 4983 5001 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 144 168 169 204 313 338 334 4971 4989 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 145 169 173 220 344 317 364 4972 4990 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 92 90 214 220 223 4901 4900 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 168 175 296 295 318 4873 4872 date & wait 48 153 173 191 214 328 339 348 4996 4995 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 252 267 299 410 413 443 5070 5069 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 176 332 302 354 4965 4964 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 233 249 275 299 462 420 495 5060 5059 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 185 187 363 330 383 4977 4976 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7353 8563 9030 9942 15612 16019 16901 258366 258395