Number of Syscalls ID dash ash yash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 osh ysh Description 01 47 69 74 66 156 181 168 4788 4787 echo hi 02 122 144 150 149 244 262 269 4861 4875 date 03 122 144 150 164 244 262 269 4861 4875 date ; 04 131 154 167 165 305 293 328 4968 4967 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 163 165 271 290 294 4966 4965 date; echo hi 06 123 145 154 165 246 266 294 4951 4965 echo hi; date 07 191 215 226 249 332 356 378 4937 4951 date; date 08 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5025 5039 { date; date; } 09 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5025 5039 date; { date; } 10 209 233 249 258 375 411 396 5052 5051 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 69 75 81 187 190 197 4788 4787 (echo hi) 12 122 144 151 166 277 268 300 4861 4875 (date) 13 122 144 152 166 285 274 308 4949 4963 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 165 167 287 302 310 4966 4965 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4951 4965 echo hi; (date) 16 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4951 4965 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 70 78 82 188 194 198 4877 4890 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 124 146 158 181 280 276 324 4952 4966 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4892 4891 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 128 148 155 172 272 268 295 4956 4972 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 125 147 170 174 280 271 303 4956 4972 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 224 246 245 292 387 402 421 5053 5071 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 82 73 166 188 178 4885 4884 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 72 85 89 190 192 200 4887 4900 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 151 173 172 210 305 326 326 4981 4999 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 131 154 164 180 301 299 323 4966 4965 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 175 187 288 305 331 4973 4972 echo $(date) 28 63 87 99 101 198 224 207 4899 4898 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 176 187 318 311 339 4973 4972 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 190 203 321 340 342 4990 4989 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4892 4891 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 218 242 240 287 384 399 418 5044 5062 date | wc -l 33 218 242 257 287 384 399 418 5063 4875 ! date | wc -l 34 143 167 165 203 302 324 323 4970 4988 echo a | wc -l 35 143 167 165 203 302 392 323 4970 4988 command echo a | wc -l 36 218 242 249 287 384 399 447 5044 5062 command date | wc -l 37 218 242 266 287 384 399 447 5063 4875 ! command date | wc -l 38 218 242 240 287 392 406 426 5044 5062 ( date ) | wc -l 39 174 227 222 234 337 331 357 5006 5005 date | read x 40 144 168 168 204 303 303 324 4971 4989 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 186 205 305 334 326 4995 4994 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 220 244 245 303 417 383 450 5047 5065 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 144 168 168 204 303 331 324 4971 4989 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 144 168 169 204 313 338 334 4973 4991 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 145 169 173 220 344 319 364 4976 4994 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 92 90 214 220 223 4889 4888 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 168 175 296 295 318 4875 4874 date & wait 48 153 173 191 214 328 339 348 4984 4983 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 248 263 298 410 413 443 5058 5057 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 176 332 302 354 4967 4966 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 229 249 275 300 462 420 495 5064 5063 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 185 187 363 330 383 4979 4978 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7349 8559 9026 9943 15612 16021 16901 257985 258014