Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 ysh osh Description 01 47 69 66 156 184 168 4885 4886 echo hi 02 130 153 164 269 289 292 4973 4974 date 03 49 71 66 157 179 169 4885 4886 date ; 04 131 154 165 305 296 328 4975 4976 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 165 271 293 294 4975 4976 date; echo hi 06 131 154 165 271 293 294 4975 4976 echo hi; date 07 199 224 249 357 383 378 5049 5050 date; date 08 199 224 249 357 384 378 5049 5050 { date; date; } 09 199 224 249 357 384 378 5049 5050 date; { date; } 10 209 233 258 375 414 396 5061 5062 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 55 78 81 187 217 197 4899 4900 (echo hi) 12 130 153 166 277 295 300 4973 4974 (date) 13 130 153 166 285 301 308 4973 4974 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 167 287 305 310 4975 4976 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 131 154 167 279 299 302 4975 4976 echo hi; (date) 16 131 154 167 279 299 302 4975 4976 echo hi; (date;) 17 56 79 82 188 221 198 4900 4901 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 132 155 181 280 303 324 4976 4977 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 82 189 221 199 4901 4902 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 138 159 172 272 292 295 4982 4983 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 133 156 174 280 298 303 4982 4983 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 225 246 292 387 405 421 5079 5080 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 73 166 191 178 4894 4895 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 58 81 89 190 219 200 4908 4909 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 152 173 210 305 329 326 5007 5008 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 139 162 180 301 326 323 4989 4990 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 187 288 308 331 4982 4983 echo $(date) 28 63 87 101 198 227 207 4908 4909 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 187 318 314 339 4982 4983 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 203 321 343 342 4999 5000 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 82 189 221 199 4901 4902 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 219 242 287 384 402 418 5072 5073 date | wc -l 33 219 242 287 384 402 418 4885 5073 ! date | wc -l 34 144 167 203 302 327 323 4998 4999 echo a | wc -l 35 144 167 203 302 395 323 4999 4999 command echo a | wc -l 36 219 242 287 384 402 447 5072 5073 command date | wc -l 37 219 242 287 384 402 447 4885 5073 ! command date | wc -l 38 219 242 287 392 409 426 5072 5073 ( date ) | wc -l 39 175 227 234 337 334 357 5015 5016 date | read x 40 145 168 204 303 333 324 4999 5000 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 205 305 337 326 5001 5002 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 221 244 302 417 416 450 5074 5076 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 145 168 204 303 334 324 4999 5000 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 145 168 204 313 341 334 4999 5000 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 146 169 220 344 352 364 5000 5001 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 90 214 225 223 4898 4899 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 175 296 300 318 4972 4973 date & wait 48 153 173 214 328 344 348 4993 4994 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 248 298 410 418 443 5067 5068 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 332 305 354 4974 4975 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 230 249 299 462 423 495 5069 5070 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 187 363 335 383 4986 4987 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7422 8631 9858 15600 16569 16824 259065 259491