Number of Syscalls ID dash ash yash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 osh ysh Description 01 47 69 74 66 156 181 168 4796 4795 echo hi 02 122 144 150 149 244 262 269 4869 4883 date 03 122 144 150 164 244 262 269 4869 4883 date ; 04 131 154 167 165 305 293 328 4976 4975 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 163 165 271 290 294 4972 4971 date; echo hi 06 123 145 154 165 246 266 294 4957 4971 echo hi; date 07 191 215 226 249 332 356 378 4945 4959 date; date 08 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5031 5045 { date; date; } 09 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5031 5045 date; { date; } 10 209 233 249 258 375 411 396 5058 5057 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 69 75 81 187 190 197 4796 4795 (echo hi) 12 122 144 151 166 277 268 300 4869 4883 (date) 13 122 144 152 166 285 274 308 4955 4969 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 165 167 287 302 310 4972 4971 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4957 4971 echo hi; (date) 16 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4957 4971 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 70 78 82 188 194 198 4883 4896 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 124 146 158 181 280 276 324 4958 4972 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4898 4897 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 128 148 155 172 272 268 295 4962 4978 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 125 147 170 174 280 271 303 4962 4978 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 224 246 245 292 387 402 421 5061 5079 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 82 73 166 188 178 4891 4890 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 72 85 89 190 192 200 4895 4908 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 151 173 172 210 305 326 326 4989 5007 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 131 154 164 180 301 299 323 4972 4971 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 175 187 288 305 331 4979 4978 echo $(date) 28 63 87 99 101 198 224 207 4905 4904 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 176 187 318 311 339 4979 4978 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 190 203 321 340 342 4996 4995 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4898 4897 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 218 242 240 287 384 399 418 5050 5068 date | wc -l 33 218 242 257 287 384 399 418 5069 4881 ! date | wc -l 34 143 167 165 203 302 324 323 4976 4994 echo a | wc -l 35 143 167 165 203 302 392 323 4976 4994 command echo a | wc -l 36 218 242 249 287 384 399 447 5050 5068 command date | wc -l 37 218 242 266 287 384 399 447 5069 4881 ! command date | wc -l 38 218 242 240 287 392 406 426 5050 5068 ( date ) | wc -l 39 174 227 222 234 337 331 357 5012 5011 date | read x 40 144 168 168 204 303 303 324 4977 4995 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 186 205 305 334 326 5002 5001 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 220 244 245 302 417 383 450 5053 5071 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 144 168 168 204 303 331 324 4977 4995 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 144 168 169 204 313 338 334 4981 4999 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 145 169 173 220 344 317 364 4982 5000 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 92 90 214 220 223 4895 4894 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 168 175 296 295 318 4883 4882 date & wait 48 153 173 191 214 328 339 348 4990 4989 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 251 267 298 410 413 443 5064 5063 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 176 332 302 354 4975 4974 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 232 253 274 299 462 420 495 5070 5069 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 185 187 363 330 383 4987 4986 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7352 8566 9029 9941 15612 16019 16901 258326 258355