Number of Syscalls ID dash ash yash mksh bash-5 zsh bash-4 osh ysh Description 01 47 69 74 66 156 181 168 4794 4795 echo hi 02 122 144 150 149 244 262 269 4867 4883 date 03 122 144 150 164 244 262 269 4867 4883 date ; 04 131 154 167 165 305 293 328 4968 4969 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 131 154 163 165 271 290 294 4968 4969 date; echo hi 06 123 145 154 165 246 266 294 4953 4969 echo hi; date 07 191 215 226 249 332 356 378 4943 4959 date; date 08 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5027 5043 { date; date; } 09 191 215 226 249 357 357 378 5027 5043 date; { date; } 10 209 233 249 258 375 411 396 5054 5055 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 69 75 81 187 190 197 4794 4795 (echo hi) 12 122 144 151 166 277 268 300 4867 4883 (date) 13 122 144 152 166 285 274 308 4951 4967 ( ( date ) ) 14 131 154 165 167 287 302 310 4968 4969 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4953 4969 echo hi; (date) 16 123 145 155 167 279 272 302 4953 4969 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 70 78 82 188 194 198 4879 4894 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 124 146 158 181 280 276 324 4954 4970 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4894 4895 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 128 148 155 172 272 268 295 4958 4976 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 125 147 170 174 280 271 303 4958 4976 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 224 246 245 292 387 402 421 5053 5073 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 55 75 82 73 166 188 178 4887 4888 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 72 85 89 190 192 200 4887 4902 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 151 173 172 210 305 326 326 4981 5001 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 131 154 164 180 301 299 323 4968 4969 (date; echo hi) 27 139 162 175 187 288 305 331 4975 4976 echo $(date) 28 63 87 99 101 198 224 207 4901 4902 echo $(echo hi) 29 139 162 176 187 318 311 339 4975 4976 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 148 172 190 203 321 340 342 4992 4993 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 56 79 88 82 189 218 199 4894 4895 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 218 242 240 287 384 399 418 5046 5066 date | wc -l 33 218 242 257 288 384 399 418 5065 4879 ! date | wc -l 34 143 167 165 203 302 324 323 4972 4992 echo a | wc -l 35 143 167 165 203 302 392 323 4972 4992 command echo a | wc -l 36 218 242 249 287 384 399 447 5046 5066 command date | wc -l 37 218 242 266 287 384 399 447 5065 4879 ! command date | wc -l 38 218 242 240 287 392 406 426 5046 5066 ( date ) | wc -l 39 174 227 222 234 337 331 357 5008 5009 date | read x 40 144 168 168 204 303 303 324 4973 4994 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 146 169 186 205 305 334 326 4994 4995 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 220 244 245 302 417 383 450 5049 5068 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 144 168 168 204 303 331 324 4973 4993 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 144 168 169 204 313 338 334 4973 4993 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 145 169 173 220 344 319 364 4974 4994 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 62 84 92 90 214 220 223 4891 4892 echo hi & wait 47 137 159 168 175 296 295 318 4881 4882 date & wait 48 153 173 191 214 328 339 348 4986 4987 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 228 248 263 298 410 413 443 5060 5061 date | wc -l & wait 50 138 160 176 176 332 302 354 4967 4968 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 229 253 275 299 462 420 495 5062 5063 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 146 168 185 187 363 330 383 4979 4980 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 7349 8563 9026 9942 15612 16021 16901 258092 258225