Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4897 4896 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4960 4959 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4897 4896 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4966 4965 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4972 4971 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4972 4971 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 5010 5009 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 5020 5019 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 5020 5019 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 5032 5031 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4911 4910 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4960 4959 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4970 4969 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4962 4961 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4972 4971 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4972 4971 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4922 4921 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4963 4962 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4913 4912 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4969 4968 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4969 4968 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 5043 5042 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4906 4905 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4924 4923 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4996 4995 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4986 4985 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4979 4978 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4930 4929 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4979 4978 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4986 4985 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4913 4912 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 5042 5041 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4907 5041 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4993 4993 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4983 4982 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 5032 5031 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4897 5031 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 5042 5041 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 5012 5011 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4984 4983 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4986 4985 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 5034 5034 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4984 4983 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4988 4987 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4985 4984 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4922 4921 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4961 4960 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4980 4979 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 237 344 377 379 5039 5038 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4963 4962 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 5031 5030 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4975 4974 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6881 8002 13491 14711 15805 258611 258831