execve("/bin/true", ["true"], 0x7ffcae9e4220 /* 10 vars */) = 0 brk(NULL) = 0x559e87175000 access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory) openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4 fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=15274, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 15274, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 4, 0) = 0x7fdc1a506000 close(4) = 0 openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 4 read(4, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\260A\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832 fstat(4, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1820400, ...}) = 0 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fdc1a504000 mmap(NULL, 1832960, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0) = 0x7fdc1a344000 mprotect(0x7fdc1a366000, 1654784, PROT_NONE) = 0 mmap(0x7fdc1a366000, 1339392, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0x22000) = 0x7fdc1a366000 mmap(0x7fdc1a4ad000, 311296, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0x169000) = 0x7fdc1a4ad000 mmap(0x7fdc1a4fa000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 4, 0x1b5000) = 0x7fdc1a4fa000 mmap(0x7fdc1a500000, 14336, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fdc1a500000 close(4) = 0 arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fdc1a505540) = 0 mprotect(0x7fdc1a4fa000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x559e538db000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 mprotect(0x7fdc1a531000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0 munmap(0x7fdc1a506000, 15274) = 0 exit_group(0) = ? +++ exited with 0 +++ === 01 echo hi --- dash hi --- bash-4.4 hi --- bash-5.2.21 hi --- mksh hi --- zsh hi --- ash hi --- osh hi --- ysh hi --- yash hi === 02 date --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:08 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:08 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:08 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:08 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:08 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:08 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 === 03 date ; --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:09 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 === 04 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 mytrap === 05 date; echo hi --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 hi --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 hi --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 hi --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 hi --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 hi --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:10 UTC 2025 hi --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 hi --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 hi --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 hi === 06 echo hi; date --- dash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- mksh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- zsh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- ash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- osh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:11 UTC 2025 --- ysh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- yash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 === 07 date; date --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 === 08 { date; date; } --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:12 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 === 09 date; { date; } --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:13 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 === 10 . _tmp/sourced.sh --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:14 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 === 11 (echo hi) --- dash hi --- bash-4.4 hi --- bash-5.2.21 hi --- mksh hi --- zsh hi --- ash hi --- osh hi --- ysh hi --- yash hi === 12 (date) --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:15 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 === 13 ( ( date ) ) --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:16 UTC 2025 --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 === 14 ( ( date ) ); echo hi --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 hi === 15 echo hi; (date) --- dash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- mksh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- zsh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- ash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:17 UTC 2025 --- osh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- ysh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- yash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 === 16 echo hi; (date;) --- dash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- mksh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- zsh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- ash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- osh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:18 UTC 2025 --- ysh hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- yash hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 === 17 echo hi; (echo hi;) --- dash hi hi --- bash-4.4 hi hi --- bash-5.2.21 hi hi --- mksh hi hi --- zsh hi hi --- ash hi hi --- osh hi hi --- ysh hi hi --- yash hi hi === 18 echo hi; (echo hi; date) --- dash hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- mksh hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- zsh hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- ash hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:19 UTC 2025 --- osh hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:20 UTC 2025 --- ysh hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:20 UTC 2025 --- yash hi hi Sun Mar 23 05:54:20 UTC 2025 === 19 ( echo hi ); echo hi --- dash hi hi --- bash-4.4 hi hi --- bash-5.2.21 hi hi --- mksh hi hi --- zsh hi hi --- ash hi hi --- osh hi hi --- ysh hi hi --- yash hi hi === 20 date > /tmp/redir.txt --- dash --- bash-4.4 --- bash-5.2.21 --- mksh --- zsh --- ash --- osh --- ysh --- yash === 21 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt --- dash --- bash-4.4 --- bash-5.2.21 --- mksh --- zsh --- ash --- osh --- ysh --- yash === 22 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l --- dash 1 --- bash-4.4 1 --- bash-5.2.21 1 --- mksh 1 --- zsh 1 --- ash 1 --- osh 1 --- ysh 1 --- yash 1 === 23 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt --- dash --- bash-4.4 --- bash-5.2.21 --- mksh --- zsh --- ash --- osh --- ysh --- yash === 24 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt --- dash --- bash-4.4 --- bash-5.2.21 --- mksh --- zsh --- ash --- osh --- ysh --- yash === 25 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l --- dash 1 --- bash-4.4 1 --- bash-5.2.21 1 --- mksh 1 --- zsh 1 --- ash 1 --- osh 1 --- ysh 1 --- yash 1 === 26 (date; echo hi) --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- osh Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- ysh Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi --- yash Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 hi === 27 echo $(date) --- dash Sun Mar 23 05:54:25 UTC 2025 --- bash-4.4 Sun Mar 23 05:54:26 UTC 2025 --- bash-5.2.21 Sun Mar 23 05:54:26 UTC 2025 --- mksh Sun Mar 23 05:54:26 UTC 2025 --- zsh Sun Mar 23 05:54:26 UTC 2025 --- ash Sun Mar 23 05:54:26 UTC 2025 --- osh