Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4833 4834 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4881 4897 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4881 4898 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4893 4894 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4895 4896 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4879 4898 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4931 4948 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4927 4944 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4927 4944 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4955 4956 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4833 4834 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4881 4898 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4877 4893 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4894 4894 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4879 4896 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4879 4896 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4830 4846 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4878 4895 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4846 4846 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4882 4901 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4883 4903 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4951 4971 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4837 4838 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4837 4854 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 305 4904 4925 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4895 4896 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4902 4903 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4853 4855 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4902 4903 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4918 4919 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4845 4846 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4945 4966 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4965 4830 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4897 4918 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4895 4916 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4943 4964 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4963 4828 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4946 4966 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4935 4936 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4897 4917 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4918 4919 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4948 4968 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4897 4917 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4897 4918 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4898 4919 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4846 4847 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4898 4899 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4912 4913 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4962 4963 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4894 4895 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 196 190 238 398 431 381 4962 4963 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4907 4908 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6240 6800 8061 13481 14764 15223 254733 254991