Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4831 4832 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4879 4895 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4879 4895 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4897 4898 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4882 4884 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4867 4884 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4929 4945 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4915 4931 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4915 4939 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4943 4944 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4831 4832 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4879 4895 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4865 4881 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4900 4901 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4867 4884 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4867 4885 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4818 4834 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4886 4904 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4851 4852 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4890 4909 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4890 4908 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 232 321 355 363 4955 4975 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4844 4845 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4840 4856 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4908 4929 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4883 4884 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4890 4890 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4841 4841 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4889 4890 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4927 4926 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4852 4852 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4933 4954 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4953 4818 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4884 4905 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4902 4924 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4951 4972 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4971 4836 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 367 4933 4954 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4923 4924 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4903 4924 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4954 4955 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4955 4975 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4903 4925 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4899 4919 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4901 4922 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4832 4835 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4895 4898 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4919 4920 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 193 237 344 377 374 4950 4951 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4931 4931 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4966 4967 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4942 4944 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6241 6804 8063 13481 14764 15230 254710 254973