Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4818 4819 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4866 4882 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4866 4882 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4885 4885 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4883 4884 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4868 4884 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4916 4932 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4916 4932 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4916 4932 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4944 4945 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4818 4819 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4866 4882 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4866 4882 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4883 4884 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4868 4884 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4868 4884 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4819 4834 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4869 4885 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4834 4835 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4873 4891 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4873 4891 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4941 4962 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4827 4828 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4827 4842 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4895 4915 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4883 4884 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4890 4891 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4841 4842 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4890 4891 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4907 4908 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4834 4835 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4934 4955 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4954 4819 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4885 4906 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4885 4906 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4934 4955 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4954 4819 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4934 4955 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4924 4925 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4886 4907 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4910 4911 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4937 4957 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4886 4907 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4886 4906 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4887 4907 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4833 4834 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4882 4883 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4903 4904 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4952 4953 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4886 4889 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 194 238 398 431 381 4953 4955 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4899 4900 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6241 6804 8061 13481 14764 15230 254154 254399