1 | ## compare_shells: bash
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2 |
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3 | # Var refs are done with ${!a}
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4 | #
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5 | # local/declare -n is tested in spec/named-ref.test.sh.
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6 | #
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7 | # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16461656/bash-how-to-pass-array-as-an-argument-to-a-function
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8 |
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9 | #### var ref ${!a}
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10 | a=b
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11 | b=c
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12 | echo ref ${!a} ${a}
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13 | ## stdout: ref c b
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14 |
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15 | #### ${!ref-default}
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16 | ref=x
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17 | echo x=${!ref-default}
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18 |
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19 | x=''
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20 | echo x=${!ref-default}
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21 |
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22 | x=foo
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23 | echo x=${!ref-default}
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24 |
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25 | ## STDOUT:
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26 | x=default
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27 | x=
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28 | x=foo
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29 | ## END
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30 |
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31 | #### ${!undef:-}
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32 | # bash 4.4 gives empty string, but I feel like this could be an error
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33 | echo undef=${!undef-'default'}
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34 | echo undef=${!undef}
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35 |
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36 | set -u
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37 | echo NOUNSET
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38 | echo undef=${!undef-'default'}
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39 | echo undef=${!undef}
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40 |
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41 | ## status: 1
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42 | ## STDOUT:
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43 | NOUNSET
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44 | ## END
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45 |
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46 | # Bash 4.4 had been generating an empty string, but it was fixed in Bash 5.0.
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47 | #
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48 | # ## BUG bash STDOUT:
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49 | # undef=default
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50 | # undef=
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51 | # NOUNSET
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52 | # undef=default
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53 | # ## END
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54 |
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55 | #### comparison to ${!array[@]} keys (similar SYNTAX)
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56 |
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57 | declare -a a=(x y)
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58 | argv.py "${!a[@]}"
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59 | echo a_keys=$?
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60 |
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61 | argv.py "${!a}" # missing [] is equivalent to ${!a[0]} ?
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62 | echo a_nobrackets=$?
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63 |
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64 | echo ---
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65 | declare -A A=([A]=a [B]=b)
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66 |
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67 | argv.py $(printf '%s\n' ${!A[@]} | sort)
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68 | echo A_keys=$?
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69 |
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70 | (argv.py "${!A}") # missing [] is equivalent to ${!A[0]} ?
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71 | echo A_nobrackets=$?
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72 |
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73 | ## STDOUT:
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74 | ['0', '1']
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75 | a_keys=0
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76 | ['']
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77 | a_nobrackets=0
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78 | ---
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79 | ['A', 'B']
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80 | A_keys=0
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81 | A_nobrackets=1
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82 | ## END
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83 |
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84 | ## BUG bash STDOUT:
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85 | ['0', '1']
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86 | a_keys=0
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87 | ['']
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88 | a_nobrackets=0
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89 | ---
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90 | ['A', 'B']
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91 | A_keys=0
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92 | ['']
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93 | A_nobrackets=0
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94 | ## END
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95 |
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96 | #### ${!a[@]-'default'} is legal but fails with more than one element
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97 |
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98 | # bash allows this construct, but the indirection fails when the array has more
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99 | # than one element because the variable name contains a space. OSH originally
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100 | # made it an error unconditionally because [@] implies it's an array, so the
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101 | # behavior has been different from Bash when the array has a single element.
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102 | # We now changed it to follow Bash even when the array has a single element.
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103 |
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104 | (argv.py "${!a[@]-default}")
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105 | echo status=$?
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106 |
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107 | a=(x y z)
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108 | (argv.py "${!a[@]-default}")
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109 | echo status=$?
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110 | ## status: 0
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111 | ## STDOUT:
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112 | status=1
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113 | status=1
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114 | ## END
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115 |
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116 | # Bash 4.4 had been generating an empty string for ${!undef[@]-}, but this was
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117 | # fixed in Bash 5.0.
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118 | #
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119 | # ## BUG bash status: 0
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120 | # ## BUG bash STDOUT:
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121 | # ['default']
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122 | # status=0
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123 | # status=1
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124 | # ## END
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125 |
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126 |
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127 | #### var ref to $@ with @
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128 | set -- one two
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129 | ref='@'
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130 | echo ref=${!ref}
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131 | ## STDOUT:
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132 | ref=one two
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133 | ## END
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134 |
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135 | #### var ref to $1 and $2 with 1 and 2
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136 | set -- one two
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137 | ref1='1'
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138 | echo ref1=${!ref1}
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139 | ref2='2'
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140 | echo ref2=${!ref2}
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141 |
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142 | ## STDOUT:
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143 | ref1=one
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144 | ref2=two
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145 | ## END
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146 |
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147 | #### var ref: 1, @, *
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148 | set -- x y
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149 | ref=1; argv.py "${!ref}"
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150 | ref=@; argv.py "${!ref}"
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151 | ref=*; argv.py "${!ref}" # maybe_decay_array bug?
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152 |
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153 | ## STDOUT:
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154 | ['x']
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155 | ['x', 'y']
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156 | ['x y']
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157 | ## END
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158 |
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159 | #### var ref to special var BASH_SOURCE
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160 | ref='LINENO'
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161 | echo lineno=${!ref}
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162 | ## STDOUT:
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163 | lineno=2
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164 | ## END
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165 |
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166 | #### var ref to $? with '?'
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167 | myfunc() {
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168 | local ref=$1
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169 | echo ${!ref}
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170 | }
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171 | myfunc FUNCNAME
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172 | myfunc '?'
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173 | ## STDOUT:
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174 | myfunc
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175 | 0
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176 | ## END
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177 |
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178 |
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179 | #### Var ref, then assignment with ${ := }
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180 | z=zz
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181 | zz=
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182 | echo ${!z:=foo}
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183 | echo ${!z:=bar}
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184 | ## STDOUT:
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185 | foo
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186 | foo
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187 | ## END
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188 |
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189 | #### Var ref, then error with ${ ? }
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190 | w=ww
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191 | ww=
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192 | echo ${!w:?'my message'}
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193 | echo done
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194 | ## status: 1
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195 | ## STDOUT:
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196 | ## END
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197 |
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198 | #### Indirect expansion, THEN suffix operators
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199 |
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200 | check_eq() {
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201 | [ "$1" = "$2" ] || { echo "$1 vs $2"; }
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202 | }
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203 | check_expand() {
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204 | val=$(eval "echo \"$1\"")
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205 | [ "$val" = "$2" ] || { echo "$1 -> expected $2, got $val"; }
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206 | }
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207 | check_err() {
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208 | e="$1"
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209 | msg=$(eval "$e" 2>&1) && echo "bad success: $e"
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210 | if test -n "$2"; then
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211 | if [[ "$msg" != $2 ]]; then
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212 | echo "Expected error: $e"
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213 | echo "Got error : $msg"
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214 | fi
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215 | fi
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216 | }
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217 | # Nearly everything in manual section 3.5.3 "Shell Parameter Expansion"
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218 | # is allowed after a !-indirection.
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219 | #
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220 | # Not allowed: any further prefix syntax.
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221 | x=xx; xx=aaabcc
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222 | xd=x
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223 | check_err '${!!xd}'
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224 | check_err '${!!x*}'
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225 | a=(asdf x)
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226 | check_err '${!!a[*]}'
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227 | check_err '${!#x}'
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228 | check_err '${!#a[@]}'
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229 | # And an array reference binds tighter in the syntax, so goes first;
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230 | # there's no way to spell "indirection, then array reference".
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231 | check_expand '${!a[1]}' xx
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232 | b=(aoeu a)
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233 | check_expand '${!b[1]}' asdf # i.e. like !(b[1]), not (!b)[1]
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234 | #
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235 | # Allowed: apparently everything else.
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236 | y=yy; yy=
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237 | check_expand '${!y:-foo}' foo
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238 | check_expand '${!x:-foo}' aaabcc
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239 |
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240 | check_expand '${!x:?oops}' aaabcc
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241 |
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242 | check_expand '${!y:+foo}' ''
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243 | check_expand '${!x:+foo}' foo
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244 |
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245 | check_expand '${!x:2}' abcc
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246 | check_expand '${!x:2:2}' ab
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247 |
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248 | check_expand '${!x#*a}' aabcc
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249 | check_expand '${!x%%c*}' aaab
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250 | check_expand '${!x/a*b/d}' dcc
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251 |
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252 | # ^ operator not fully implemented in OSH
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253 | #check_expand '${!x^a}' Aaabcc
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254 |
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255 | p=pp; pp='\$ '
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256 | check_expand '${!p@P}' '$ '
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257 | echo ok
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258 | ## stdout: ok
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259 |
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260 | #### var ref OF array var -- silent a[0] decay
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261 | declare -a a=(ale bean)
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262 | echo first=${!a}
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263 |
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264 | ale=zzz
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265 | echo first=${!a}
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266 |
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267 | ## status: 0
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268 | ## STDOUT:
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269 | first=
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270 | first=zzz
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271 | ## END
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272 |
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273 | #### array ref
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274 |
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275 | declare -a array=(ale bean)
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276 | ref='array[0]'
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277 | echo ${!ref}
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278 | ## status: 0
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279 | ## STDOUT:
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280 | ale
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281 | ## END
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282 |
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283 | #### array ref with strict_array
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284 | shopt -s strict_array
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285 |
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286 | declare -a array=(ale bean)
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287 | ref='array'
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288 | echo ${!ref}
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289 | ## status: 1
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290 | ## stdout-json: ""
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291 | ## N-I bash status: 0
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292 | ## N-I bash STDOUT:
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293 | ale
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294 | ## END
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295 |
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296 | #### var ref TO array var
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297 | shopt -s compat_array
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298 |
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299 | declare -a array=(ale bean)
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300 |
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301 | ref='array' # when compat_array is on, this is like array[0]
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302 | ref_AT='array[@]'
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303 |
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304 | echo ${!ref}
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305 | echo ${!ref_AT}
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306 |
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307 | ## STDOUT:
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308 | ale
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309 | ale bean
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310 | ## END
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311 |
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312 | #### var ref TO array var, with subscripts
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313 | f() {
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314 | argv.py "${!1}"
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315 | }
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316 | f 'nonexistent[0]'
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317 | array=(x y z)
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318 | f 'array[0]'
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319 | f 'array[1+1]'
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320 | f 'array[@]'
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321 | f 'array[*]'
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322 | # Also associative arrays.
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323 | ## STDOUT:
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324 | ['']
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325 | ['x']
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326 | ['z']
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327 | ['x', 'y', 'z']
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328 | ['x y z']
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329 | ## END
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330 |
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331 | #### var ref TO assoc array a[key]
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332 | shopt -s compat_array
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333 |
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334 | declare -A assoc=([ale]=bean [corn]=dip)
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335 | ref=assoc
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336 | #ref_AT='assoc[@]'
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337 |
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338 | # UNQUOTED doesn't work with Oil's parser
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339 | #ref_SUB='assoc[ale]'
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340 | ref_SUB='assoc["ale"]'
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341 |
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342 | ref_SUB_QUOTED='assoc["al"e]'
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343 |
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344 | ref_SUB_BAD='assoc["bad"]'
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345 |
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346 | echo ref=${!ref} # compat_array: assoc is equivalent to assoc[0]
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347 | #echo ref_AT=${!ref_AT}
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348 | echo ref_SUB=${!ref_SUB}
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349 | echo ref_SUB_QUOTED=${!ref_SUB_QUOTED}
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350 | echo ref_SUB_BAD=${!ref_SUB_BAD}
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351 |
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352 | ## STDOUT:
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353 | ref=
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354 | ref_SUB=bean
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355 | ref_SUB_QUOTED=bean
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356 | ref_SUB_BAD=
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357 | ## END
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358 |
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359 | #### var ref TO array with arbitrary subscripts
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360 | shopt -s eval_unsafe_arith compat_array
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361 |
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362 | f() {
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363 | local val=$(echo "${!1}")
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364 | if test "$val" = y; then
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365 | echo "works: $1"
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366 | fi
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367 | }
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368 | # Warmup: nice plain array reference
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369 | a=(x y)
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370 | f 'a[1]'
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371 | #
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372 | # Not allowed:
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373 | # no brace expansion
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374 | f 'a[{1,0}]' # operand expected
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375 | # no process substitution (but see command substitution below!)
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376 | f 'a[<(echo x)]' # operand expected
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377 | # TODO word splitting seems interesting
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378 | aa="1 0"
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379 | f 'a[$aa]' # 1 0: syntax error in expression (error token is "0")
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380 | # no filename globbing
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381 | f 'a[b*]' # operand expected
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382 | f 'a[1"]' # bad substitution
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383 | #
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384 | # Allowed: most everything else in section 3.5 "Shell Expansions".
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385 | # shell parameter expansion
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386 | b=1
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387 | f 'a[$b]'
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388 | f 'a[${c:-1}]'
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389 | # (... and presumably most of the other features there)
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390 | # command substitution, yikes!
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391 | f 'a[$(echo 1)]'
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392 | # arithmetic expansion
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393 | f 'a[$(( 3 - 2 ))]'
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394 |
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395 | # All of these are undocumented and probably shouldn't exist,
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396 | # though it's always possible some will turn up in the wild and
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397 | # we'll end up implementing them.
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398 |
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399 | ## STDOUT:
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400 | works: a[1]
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401 | works: a[$b]
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402 | works: a[${c:-1}]
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403 | works: a[$(echo 1)]
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404 | works: a[$(( 3 - 2 ))]
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405 | ## END
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406 |
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407 | #### Bizarre tilde expansion in array index
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408 | a=(x y)
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409 | PWD=1
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410 | ref='a[~+]'
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411 | echo ${!ref}
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412 | ## status: 1
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413 |
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414 | # Bash 4.4 had a bug, which was fixed in Bash 5.0.
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415 | #
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416 | # ## BUG bash status: 0
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417 | # ## BUG bash STDOUT:
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418 | # y
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419 | # ## END
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420 |
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421 | #### Indirect expansion TO fancy expansion features bash disallows
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422 |
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423 | check_indir() {
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424 | result="${!1}"
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425 | desugared_result=$(eval 'echo "${'"$1"'}"')
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426 | [ "$2" = "$desugared_result" ] || { echo "$1 $desugared_result"; }
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427 | }
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428 | x=y
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429 | y=a
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430 | a=(x y)
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431 | declare -A aa
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432 | aa=([k]=r [l]=s)
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433 | # malformed array indexing
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434 | check_indir "a[0"
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435 | check_indir "aa[k"
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436 | # double indirection
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437 | check_indir "!x" a
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438 | check_indir "!a[0]" y
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439 | # apparently everything else in the manual under "Shell Parameter Expansion"
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440 | check_indir "x:-foo" y
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441 | check_indir "x:=foo" y
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442 | check_indir "x:?oops" y
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443 | check_indir "x:+yy" yy
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444 | check_indir "x:0" y
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445 | check_indir "x:0:1" y
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446 | check_indir "!a@" "a aa"
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447 | # (!a[@] is elsewhere)
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448 | check_indir "#x" 1
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449 | check_indir "x#y"
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450 | check_indir "x/y/foo" foo
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451 | check_indir "x@Q" y
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452 | echo done
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453 | ## status: 0
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454 | ## stdout: done
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455 |
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456 | #### Bad var ref
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457 | a='bad var name'
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458 | echo ref ${!a}
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459 | echo status=$?
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460 |
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461 | ## STDOUT:
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462 | status=1
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463 | ## END
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464 |
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465 | #### Bad var ref 2
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466 | b='/' # really bad
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467 | echo ref ${!b}
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468 | echo status=$?
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469 | ## STDOUT:
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470 | status=1
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471 | ## END
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472 |
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473 | #### ${!OPTIND} (used by bash completion
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474 | set -- a b c
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475 | echo ${!OPTIND}
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476 | f() {
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477 | local OPTIND=1
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478 | echo ${!OPTIND}
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479 | local OPTIND=2
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480 | echo ${!OPTIND}
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481 | }
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482 | f x y z
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483 | ## STDOUT:
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484 | a
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485 | x
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486 | y
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487 | ## END
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488 |
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489 | #### var ref doesn't need cycle detection
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490 | x=y
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491 | y=x
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492 | echo cycle=${!x}
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493 |
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494 | typeset -n a=b
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495 | typeset -n b=a
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496 | echo cycle=${a}
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497 | ## status: 1
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498 | ## STDOUT:
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499 | cycle=x
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500 | ## END
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501 | ## OK bash status: 0
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502 | ## OK bash STDOUT:
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503 | cycle=x
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504 | cycle=
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505 | ## END
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506 |
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507 | #### Var Ref Code Injection $(tee PWNED)
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508 |
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509 | typeset -a a
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510 | a=(42)
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511 |
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512 | x='a[$(echo 0 | tee PWNED)]'
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513 |
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514 | echo ${!x}
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515 |
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516 | if test -f PWNED; then
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517 | echo PWNED
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518 | cat PWNED
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519 | else
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520 | echo NOPE
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521 | fi
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522 |
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523 | ## status: 1
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524 | ## STDOUT:
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525 | ## END
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526 |
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527 | ## BUG bash status: 0
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528 | ## BUG bash STDOUT:
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529 | 42
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530 | PWNED
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531 | 0
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532 | ## END
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533 |
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534 | #### ${!array_ref:-set} and ${!array_ref:=assign}
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535 |
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536 | ref='a[@]'
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537 | a=('' '' '')
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538 |
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539 | echo "==== check ===="
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540 |
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541 | argv.py "${!ref:-set}"
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542 | argv.py "${a[@]:-set}"
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543 |
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544 | echo "==== assign ===="
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545 |
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546 | argv.py "${!ref:=assign}"
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547 | argv.py "${!ref}"
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548 | a=('' '' '') # revert the state in case it is modified
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549 |
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550 | argv.py "${a[@]:=assign}"
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551 | argv.py "${a[@]}"
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552 |
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553 | ## STDOUT:
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554 | ==== check ====
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555 | ['', '', '']
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556 | ['', '', '']
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557 | ==== assign ====
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558 | ['', '', '']
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559 | ['', '', '']
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560 | ['', '', '']
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561 | ['', '', '']
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562 | ## END
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563 |
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564 | #### Array indirect expansion with suffix operators
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565 |
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566 | declare -A ref=(['dummy']=v1)
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567 | function test-suffixes {
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568 | echo "==== $1 ===="
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569 | ref['dummy']=$1
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570 | argv.py "${!ref[@]:2}"
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571 | argv.py "${!ref[@]:1:2}"
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572 | argv.py "${!ref[@]:-empty}"
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573 | argv.py "${!ref[@]:+set}"
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574 | argv.py "${!ref[@]:=assign}"
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575 | }
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576 |
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577 | v1=value
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578 | test-suffixes v1
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579 | echo "v1=$v1"
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580 |
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581 | v2=
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582 | test-suffixes v2
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583 | echo "v2=$v2"
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584 |
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585 | a1=()
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586 | test-suffixes a1
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587 | argv.py "${a1[@]}"
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588 |
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589 | a2=(element)
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590 | test-suffixes 'a2[0]'
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591 | argv.py "${a2[@]}"
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592 |
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593 | a3=(1 2 3)
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594 | test-suffixes 'a3[@]'
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595 | argv.py "${a3[@]}"
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596 |
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597 | ## STDOUT:
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598 | ==== v1 ====
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599 | ['lue']
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600 | ['al']
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601 | ['value']
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602 | ['set']
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603 | ['value']
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604 | v1=value
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605 | ==== v2 ====
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606 | ['']
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607 | ['']
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608 | ['empty']
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609 | ['']
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610 | ['assign']
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611 | v2=assign
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612 | ==== a1 ====
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613 | ['']
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614 | ['']
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615 | ['empty']
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616 | ['']
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617 | ['assign']
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618 | ['assign']
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619 | ==== a2[0] ====
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620 | ['ement']
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621 | ['le']
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622 | ['element']
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623 | ['set']
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624 | ['element']
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625 | ['element']
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626 | ==== a3[@] ====
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627 | ['3']
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628 | ['2', '3']
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629 | ['1', '2', '3']
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630 | ['set']
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631 | ['1', '2', '3']
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632 | ['1', '2', '3']
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633 | ## END
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634 |
|
635 | #### Array indirect expansion with replacements
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636 |
|
637 | declare -A ref=(['dummy']=v1)
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638 | function test-rep {
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639 | echo "==== $1 ===="
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640 | ref['dummy']=$1
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641 | argv.py "${!ref[@]#?}"
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642 | argv.py "${!ref[@]%?}"
|
643 | argv.py "${!ref[@]//[a-f]}"
|
644 | argv.py "${!ref[@]//[a-f]/x}"
|
645 | }
|
646 |
|
647 | v1=value
|
648 | test-rep v1
|
649 |
|
650 | v2=
|
651 | test-rep v2
|
652 |
|
653 | a1=()
|
654 | test-rep a1
|
655 |
|
656 | a2=(element)
|
657 | test-rep 'a2[0]'
|
658 |
|
659 | a3=(1 2 3)
|
660 | test-rep 'a3[@]'
|
661 |
|
662 | ## STDOUT:
|
663 | ==== v1 ====
|
664 | ['alue']
|
665 | ['valu']
|
666 | ['vlu']
|
667 | ['vxlux']
|
668 | ==== v2 ====
|
669 | ['']
|
670 | ['']
|
671 | ['']
|
672 | ['']
|
673 | ==== a1 ====
|
674 | ['']
|
675 | ['']
|
676 | ['']
|
677 | ['']
|
678 | ==== a2[0] ====
|
679 | ['lement']
|
680 | ['elemen']
|
681 | ['lmnt']
|
682 | ['xlxmxnt']
|
683 | ==== a3[@] ====
|
684 | ['', '', '']
|
685 | ['', '', '']
|
686 | ['1', '2', '3']
|
687 | ['1', '2', '3']
|
688 | ## END
|
689 |
|
690 | #### Array indirect expansion with @? conversion
|
691 |
|
692 | declare -A ref=(['dummy']=v1)
|
693 | function test-op0 {
|
694 | echo "==== $1 ===="
|
695 | ref['dummy']=$1
|
696 | argv.py "${!ref[@]@Q}"
|
697 | argv.py "${!ref[@]@P}"
|
698 | argv.py "${!ref[@]@a}"
|
699 | }
|
700 |
|
701 | v1=value
|
702 | test-op0 v1
|
703 |
|
704 | v2=
|
705 | test-op0 v2
|
706 |
|
707 | a1=()
|
708 | test-op0 a1
|
709 |
|
710 | a2=(element)
|
711 | test-op0 'a2[0]'
|
712 |
|
713 | a3=(1 2 3)
|
714 | test-op0 'a3[@]'
|
715 |
|
716 | ## STDOUT:
|
717 | ==== v1 ====
|
718 | ['value']
|
719 | ['value']
|
720 | ['']
|
721 | ==== v2 ====
|
722 | ["''"]
|
723 | ['']
|
724 | ['']
|
725 | ==== a1 ====
|
726 | ['']
|
727 | ['']
|
728 | ['a']
|
729 | ==== a2[0] ====
|
730 | ['element']
|
731 | ['element']
|
732 | ['a']
|
733 | ==== a3[@] ====
|
734 | ['1', '2', '3']
|
735 | ['1', '2', '3']
|
736 | ['a', 'a', 'a']
|
737 | ## END
|
738 |
|
739 | # Bash 4.4 had a bug in the section "==== a3[@] ====":
|
740 | #
|
741 | # ==== a3[@] ====
|
742 | # []
|
743 | # []
|
744 | # []
|
745 |
|
746 | ## OK bash STDOUT:
|
747 | ==== v1 ====
|
748 | ["'value'"]
|
749 | ['value']
|
750 | ['']
|
751 | ==== v2 ====
|
752 | ["''"]
|
753 | ['']
|
754 | ['']
|
755 | ==== a1 ====
|
756 | ['']
|
757 | ['']
|
758 | ['a']
|
759 | ==== a2[0] ====
|
760 | ["'element'"]
|
761 | ['element']
|
762 | ['a']
|
763 | ==== a3[@] ====
|
764 | ["'1'", "'2'", "'3'"]
|
765 | ['1', '2', '3']
|
766 | ['a', 'a', 'a']
|
767 | ## END
|