Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4825 4823 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4886 4885 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4822 4821 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4888 4887 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4888 4887 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4888 4887 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4940 4935 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4936 4935 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4938 4935 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4948 4947 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4838 4837 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4887 4886 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4887 4886 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4901 4900 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4888 4887 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4888 4887 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4838 4837 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4901 4902 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4852 4851 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4907 4906 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4909 4906 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4965 4967 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4844 4843 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4846 4845 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4918 4920 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4903 4902 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4895 4895 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4846 4846 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4896 4895 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4924 4924 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4852 4853 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4958 4958 date | wc -l 33 158 183 227 318 352 363 4823 4957 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4910 4909 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4922 4921 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4971 4970 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4835 4972 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4959 4958 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4928 4928 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4922 4923 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4912 4911 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4973 4974 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4922 4921 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4910 4909 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4911 4910 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4839 4838 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4888 4887 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4918 4921 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 193 237 344 377 379 4955 4956 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4889 4888 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 172 190 238 398 431 384 4957 4956 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4901 4901 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5571 6885 8003 13491 14711 15805 254747 254985