Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4818 4821 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4866 4884 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4866 4884 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4887 4888 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4883 4886 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4868 4886 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4916 4934 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4916 4934 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4916 4934 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4946 4948 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4818 4821 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4866 4884 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4866 4884 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4885 4888 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4868 4886 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4868 4886 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4819 4836 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4871 4889 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4836 4839 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4875 4895 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4875 4895 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4945 4965 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4829 4832 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4831 4846 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4898 4918 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4883 4886 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4890 4893 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4841 4844 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4890 4893 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4909 4912 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4836 4839 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4934 4956 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4953 4821 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4885 4907 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4887 4909 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4936 4958 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4955 4823 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4934 4956 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4923 4926 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4888 4910 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4912 4916 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4939 4961 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4888 4910 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4890 4910 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4891 4912 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4833 4836 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4882 4885 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4903 4906 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 184 189 237 344 377 374 4950 4953 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4888 4891 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 195 194 238 398 431 381 4956 4957 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4901 4908 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5488 6236 6804 8060 13481 14764 15230 254209 254541