Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4810 4811 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4858 4874 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4858 4874 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4875 4877 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4875 4876 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4860 4876 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4908 4924 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4908 4924 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4908 4924 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4936 4937 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4810 4811 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4858 4874 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4858 4874 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4875 4876 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4860 4876 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4860 4876 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4811 4826 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4861 4877 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4826 4827 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4865 4883 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4865 4883 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4933 4953 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4819 4820 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4819 4834 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4886 4906 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4875 4876 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4882 4883 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4833 4834 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4882 4883 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4899 4900 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4826 4827 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4926 4946 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4945 4811 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4877 4898 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4877 4897 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4926 4946 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4945 4811 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4926 4947 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4915 4916 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4878 4898 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4900 4901 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4929 4948 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4878 4899 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4878 4898 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 304 4879 4900 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4825 4826 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4874 4875 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4893 4894 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 171 188 189 237 344 377 374 4942 4943 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4876 4878 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4945 4946 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4893 4890 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6240 6800 8060 13481 14764 15231 253726 253964