Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4818 4819 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4866 4882 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4866 4882 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4875 4877 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4881 4882 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4866 4882 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4916 4932 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4914 4930 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4914 4930 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4942 4943 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4818 4819 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4866 4882 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4864 4880 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4877 4878 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4866 4882 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4866 4882 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4817 4832 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4863 4879 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4828 4829 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4867 4885 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4867 4885 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4933 4953 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4821 4822 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4819 4834 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4886 4906 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4881 4882 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4888 4889 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4839 4840 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4888 4889 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4901 4902 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4828 4829 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4932 4952 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4951 4817 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4883 4903 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4879 4899 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4928 4948 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4947 4813 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4932 4953 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4921 4922 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4880 4900 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4902 4903 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4931 4950 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4880 4901 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4878 4898 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4881 4902 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4831 4832 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4882 4883 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4895 4896 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 193 237 344 377 374 4948 4949 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4878 4880 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 196 190 238 398 431 381 4947 4948 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4891 4892 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6240 6804 8062 13481 14764 15230 253938 254179