Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4810 4811 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4858 4874 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4858 4874 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4881 4883 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4881 4882 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4866 4882 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4908 4924 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4914 4930 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4914 4930 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4942 4943 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4810 4811 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4858 4874 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4864 4880 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4881 4882 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4866 4882 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4866 4882 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4817 4832 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4867 4883 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4832 4833 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4871 4889 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4871 4889 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4939 4959 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4825 4826 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4825 4840 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4892 4912 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4881 4882 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4888 4889 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4839 4840 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4888 4889 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4905 4906 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4832 4833 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4932 4952 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4951 4817 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4883 4903 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4883 4903 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4932 4952 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4951 4817 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4932 4953 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4921 4923 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4884 4904 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4906 4907 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4935 4955 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4884 4905 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4884 4904 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4885 4906 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4831 4832 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4874 4875 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4899 4900 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 188 189 237 344 377 374 4948 4949 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4882 4884 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 196 190 238 398 431 381 4951 4952 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4899 4896 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5488 6240 6800 8061 13481 14764 15232 253996 254235