Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4827 4828 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4875 4891 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4875 4891 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4892 4893 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4890 4891 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4875 4891 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4925 4941 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4923 4939 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4923 4939 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4951 4952 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4827 4828 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4875 4891 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4873 4889 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4892 4893 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4875 4891 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4875 4891 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4826 4841 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4878 4894 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4843 4844 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4882 4900 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4882 4900 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4950 4970 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4836 4837 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4836 4851 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4903 4923 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4890 4891 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4897 4898 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4848 4849 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4897 4898 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4916 4917 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4843 4844 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4941 4961 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 227 318 352 360 4960 4826 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4892 4912 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4894 4914 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4943 4963 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4962 4828 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4941 4961 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4930 4931 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4895 4916 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4917 4919 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4946 4965 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4895 4915 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4895 4915 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4896 4916 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4840 4841 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4891 4892 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4910 4911 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 170 184 193 237 344 377 374 4957 4958 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4893 4894 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4961 4962 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4907 4909 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5489 6236 6804 8062 13481 14764 15232 254566 254805