Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4811 4812 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4859 4875 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4859 4875 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4876 4877 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4876 4877 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4861 4877 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4909 4925 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4909 4925 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4909 4925 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4937 4938 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4811 4812 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4859 4875 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4859 4875 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4876 4877 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4861 4877 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4861 4877 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4812 4827 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4862 4878 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4827 4828 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4866 4884 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4866 4884 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 232 321 355 363 4934 4955 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4820 4821 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4820 4835 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4888 4908 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4876 4877 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4883 4884 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4834 4835 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4883 4884 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4900 4901 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4827 4828 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4927 4947 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4946 4812 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4878 4898 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4878 4898 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4927 4947 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4946 4812 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4927 4948 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4916 4918 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4879 4900 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4901 4902 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4930 4951 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4879 4900 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4879 4899 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4880 4900 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4826 4827 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4875 4876 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4894 4895 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 193 237 344 377 374 4943 4944 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4877 4878 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 194 238 398 431 381 4945 4947 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4890 4891 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6235 6808 8061 13481 14764 15232 253774 254018