Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4905 4904 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4968 4967 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4905 4904 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4973 4972 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4976 4975 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4976 4975 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 5018 5017 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 5024 5023 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 5024 5023 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 5039 5038 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4919 4918 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4968 4967 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4974 4973 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4970 4969 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4977 4975 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4977 4975 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4926 4925 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4972 4970 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4921 4920 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4978 4978 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4979 4978 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 5050 5048 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4915 4914 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4930 4929 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 5003 5001 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4991 4990 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4983 4983 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4934 4934 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4983 4983 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4998 4995 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4921 4920 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 5048 5046 date | wc -l 33 158 183 227 318 352 363 4911 5046 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 5001 4997 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4993 4991 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 227 318 380 363 5045 5040 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 227 318 380 363 4905 5040 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 5047 5050 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 5017 5016 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4993 4992 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 5001 4995 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 5044 5046 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4994 4995 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4994 4996 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4995 4994 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4926 4925 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4969 4968 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4990 4987 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 170 189 237 344 377 379 5044 5042 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4973 4974 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 5040 5039 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4984 4983 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5570 6881 8005 13491 14711 15805 258991 259205