Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4897 4896 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4960 4959 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4897 4896 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4965 4964 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4962 4961 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4962 4961 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 5010 5009 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 5010 5009 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 5010 5009 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 5025 5024 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4911 4910 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4960 4959 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4960 4959 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4962 4961 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4963 4961 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4963 4961 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4912 4911 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4964 4962 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4913 4912 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4970 4970 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4971 4970 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 5042 5040 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4907 4906 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4922 4921 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4995 4993 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4977 4976 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4969 4969 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4920 4920 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4969 4969 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4990 4987 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4913 4912 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 5034 5032 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4897 5032 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4986 4983 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4985 4983 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 5037 5032 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4897 5032 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 5033 5036 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 5003 5002 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4985 4984 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4994 4987 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 5037 5038 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4986 4987 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4986 4988 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4987 4986 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4912 4911 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4961 4960 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4982 4979 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 237 344 377 379 5030 5028 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4965 4966 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 5032 5031 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4976 4975 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6881 8002 13491 14711 15805 258456 258669