Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4636 5848 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4699 4683 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4699 4683 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4701 4700 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4701 4700 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4701 4685 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4749 4733 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4749 4733 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4749 4733 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4761 4760 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4636 4635 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4699 4683 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4699 4683 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4701 4700 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4701 4685 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4701 4685 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4651 4636 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4702 4686 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4652 4651 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4708 4690 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4708 4690 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4778 4758 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4645 4644 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4659 4644 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4731 4711 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4701 4700 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4708 4707 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4659 4658 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4708 4707 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4725 4724 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4652 4651 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4771 4751 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4636 4770 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4722 4702 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4722 4702 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4771 4751 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4636 4770 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 367 4771 4751 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4741 4740 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4723 4703 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4725 4724 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4773 4754 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4723 4703 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4723 4703 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4724 4704 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4651 4650 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4700 4699 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4719 4718 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 192 238 344 377 374 4768 4767 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4702 4701 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4770 4769 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4714 4713 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6236 6803 8062 13481 14764 15230 244854 245831