Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4638 4637 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4701 4700 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4638 4637 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4703 4702 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4703 4702 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4703 4702 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4751 4750 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4751 4750 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4751 4750 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4763 4762 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4652 4651 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4701 4700 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4701 4700 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4701 4700 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4703 4702 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4703 4702 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4653 4652 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4702 4701 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4652 4651 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4708 4707 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4708 4707 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4780 4779 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4645 4644 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4661 4660 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4733 4732 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4717 4716 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4710 4709 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4661 4660 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4710 4709 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4725 4724 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4652 4651 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4773 4772 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4638 4772 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4724 4723 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4722 4721 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4771 4770 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 227 318 380 363 4636 4770 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 369 4773 4772 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4743 4742 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4723 4722 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4725 4724 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4774 4773 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4723 4722 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4725 4724 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4726 4725 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4653 4652 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4702 4701 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4719 4718 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 192 237 344 377 379 4770 4769 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4702 4701 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 4772 4771 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4714 4713 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6884 8003 13491 14711 15804 244888 245106