Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4639 4638 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4702 4701 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4639 4638 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4704 4703 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4704 4703 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4704 4703 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4752 4751 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4752 4751 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4752 4751 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4764 4763 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4653 4652 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4702 4701 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4702 4701 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4702 4701 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4704 4703 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4704 4703 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4654 4653 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4703 4702 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4653 4652 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4709 4708 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4709 4708 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4781 4780 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4646 4645 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4662 4661 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4734 4733 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4718 4717 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4711 4710 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4662 4661 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4711 4710 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4726 4725 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4653 4652 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4774 4773 date | wc -l 33 158 183 227 318 352 363 4639 4773 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4725 4724 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4723 4722 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4772 4771 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 227 318 380 363 4637 4771 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4774 4773 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4744 4743 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4724 4723 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4726 4725 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4775 4774 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4724 4723 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4726 4725 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4727 4726 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4654 4653 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4703 4702 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4720 4719 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 237 344 377 379 4771 4770 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4703 4702 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 194 238 398 431 384 4773 4772 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4715 4714 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6885 8004 13491 14711 15805 244940 245158