Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4645 5848 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4708 4692 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4708 4692 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4710 4709 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4708 4707 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4708 4692 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4758 4742 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4756 4740 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4756 4740 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4768 4767 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4645 4644 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4708 4692 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4706 4690 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4710 4709 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4708 4692 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4708 4692 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4658 4643 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4711 4695 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4661 4660 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4717 4699 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4717 4699 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4787 4767 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4654 4653 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4668 4653 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4740 4720 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4708 4707 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4715 4714 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4666 4665 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4715 4714 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4734 4733 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4661 4660 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4778 4758 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4643 4777 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4729 4709 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4731 4711 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4780 4760 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4645 4779 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4778 4758 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4748 4747 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4732 4712 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4730 4729 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4782 4763 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4732 4712 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4732 4712 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4733 4713 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4658 4657 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4709 4708 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4728 4727 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 189 237 344 377 374 4775 4774 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4707 4706 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 172 196 193 238 398 431 381 4779 4778 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4719 4718 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6236 6803 8061 13481 14764 15230 245270 246238