Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4652 5848 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4717 4699 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4715 4699 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4719 4716 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4717 4714 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4717 4699 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4767 4749 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4765 4747 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4765 4747 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4777 4774 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4652 4651 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4715 4699 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4715 4697 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4719 4716 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4717 4699 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4717 4699 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4667 4650 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4720 4702 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4670 4667 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4726 4706 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4726 4706 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4796 4774 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4663 4660 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4677 4660 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4749 4727 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4717 4714 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4724 4721 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4675 4672 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4724 4721 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4743 4740 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4670 4667 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4787 4765 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4652 4784 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4738 4716 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4740 4718 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4789 4767 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4654 4786 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4787 4765 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4757 4754 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4741 4719 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4739 4736 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4791 4770 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4741 4719 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4741 4719 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4738 4716 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4667 4664 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4716 4715 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4737 4734 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4784 4781 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4716 4713 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 195 190 238 398 431 381 4784 4781 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4728 4725 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6240 6800 8061 13481 14764 15230 245720 246587