Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4650 5849 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4711 4697 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4713 4695 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4713 4714 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4711 4712 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4711 4697 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4761 4747 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4759 4745 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4759 4745 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4771 4772 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4650 4647 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4713 4695 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4709 4695 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4713 4714 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4711 4697 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4711 4697 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4661 4648 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4714 4700 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4664 4665 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4720 4704 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4720 4704 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4790 4772 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4657 4658 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4671 4658 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4743 4725 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4711 4712 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4718 4719 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4669 4670 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4718 4719 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4737 4738 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4664 4665 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4781 4763 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4646 4782 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4733 4714 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4734 4716 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4783 4765 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4648 4784 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4781 4763 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4751 4752 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4735 4717 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4737 4738 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4786 4768 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4735 4717 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4735 4717 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4736 4718 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4661 4662 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4714 4711 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4731 4732 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 189 237 344 377 374 4778 4779 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4714 4715 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 171 195 190 238 398 431 381 4782 4783 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4726 4727 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5489 6236 6800 8061 13481 14764 15230 245450 246498