Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4642 5838 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4703 4689 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4705 4687 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4705 4706 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4703 4704 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4703 4689 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4753 4739 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4751 4737 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4751 4737 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4763 4764 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4642 4639 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4705 4687 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4701 4687 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4705 4706 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4703 4689 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4703 4689 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4653 4640 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4706 4692 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4656 4657 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4712 4696 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4712 4696 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4782 4764 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4649 4650 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4663 4650 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4735 4717 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4703 4704 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4710 4711 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4661 4662 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4710 4711 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4729 4730 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4656 4657 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4773 4755 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4638 4774 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4724 4706 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4726 4708 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4775 4757 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4640 4776 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4773 4755 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4743 4744 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4727 4709 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4730 4730 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4777 4760 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4727 4709 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4727 4709 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4728 4710 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4653 4654 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4706 4703 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4723 4724 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4770 4771 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4706 4707 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4774 4775 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4718 4719 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6240 6800 8062 13481 14764 15232 245033 246079