Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh osh ysh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 5838 4672 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4686 4735 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4686 4735 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4703 4737 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4703 4737 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4688 4737 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4736 4785 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4736 4785 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4736 4785 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4763 4797 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4638 4672 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4686 4735 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4686 4735 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4703 4737 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4688 4737 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4688 4737 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4639 4687 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4689 4738 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4654 4688 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4693 4744 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4693 4744 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4761 4814 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4647 4681 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4647 4695 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4714 4767 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4703 4737 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4710 4744 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4661 4695 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4710 4744 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4727 4761 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4654 4688 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4754 4807 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4773 4672 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4705 4758 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4705 4759 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4754 4807 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4773 4672 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 367 4754 4807 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4743 4777 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4706 4759 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4751 4785 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4757 4810 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4706 4759 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4706 4759 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4707 4760 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4653 4687 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4702 4736 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4721 4755 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 193 237 344 377 374 4770 4804 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4728 4762 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 196 190 238 398 431 381 4772 4806 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4740 4774 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6236 6804 8062 13481 14764 15230 246046 246800