Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4636 5825 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4699 4684 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4699 4684 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4725 4725 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4725 4725 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4725 4710 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4749 4734 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4773 4758 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4773 4758 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4785 4785 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4636 4636 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4699 4684 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4723 4708 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4725 4725 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4725 4710 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4725 4710 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4675 4661 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4726 4711 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4676 4676 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4732 4715 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4732 4715 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 232 321 355 363 4802 4783 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4669 4669 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4683 4669 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4755 4736 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4725 4725 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4732 4732 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4683 4683 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4732 4732 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4749 4749 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4676 4676 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4795 4776 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4660 4795 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4746 4727 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4746 4727 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4795 4776 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4660 4795 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4795 4776 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4765 4765 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4747 4728 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4731 4731 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4797 4779 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4747 4728 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4747 4728 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4748 4729 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4675 4675 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4700 4700 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4743 4743 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 188 189 237 344 377 374 4792 4792 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4708 4708 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4794 4794 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4720 4720 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6241 6800 8062 13481 14764 15230 245880 246885