Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4634 5823 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4697 4681 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4697 4681 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4699 4698 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4699 4698 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4699 4683 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4747 4731 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4747 4731 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4747 4731 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4759 4758 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4634 4633 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4697 4681 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4697 4681 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4699 4698 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4699 4683 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4699 4683 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4651 4636 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4700 4684 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4650 4649 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4706 4688 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4708 4690 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 232 321 355 363 4776 4756 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4643 4642 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4657 4642 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4729 4709 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4699 4698 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4706 4705 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4657 4656 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4708 4707 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4725 4724 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4650 4649 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4769 4749 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4634 4768 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4720 4700 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4720 4700 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4769 4749 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4634 4768 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 366 4769 4749 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4739 4738 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4723 4703 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4723 4722 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4772 4752 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4723 4703 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4721 4701 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4722 4702 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4649 4648 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4698 4697 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4717 4716 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 193 237 344 377 374 4768 4767 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4700 4699 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 239 398 431 381 4768 4767 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4712 4711 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6236 6804 8063 13481 14764 15231 244765 245718