Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4660 5812 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4723 4707 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4723 4707 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4705 4704 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4705 4704 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4705 4689 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4773 4757 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4753 4737 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4753 4737 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4765 4764 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4660 4659 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4723 4707 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4703 4687 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4705 4704 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4705 4689 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4705 4689 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4655 4640 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4706 4690 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4656 4655 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4712 4694 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4712 4694 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4782 4762 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4649 4648 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4663 4648 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4735 4715 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4705 4704 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4712 4711 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4663 4662 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4712 4711 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4729 4728 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4656 4655 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4775 4755 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4640 4774 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4726 4706 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4726 4706 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4775 4755 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4640 4774 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 366 4775 4755 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4745 4744 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4727 4707 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4729 4728 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4778 4758 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4727 4707 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4727 4707 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4728 4708 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4655 4654 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4724 4723 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4723 4722 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4772 4771 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4706 4705 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 171 195 194 238 398 431 381 4774 4773 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4718 4717 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5489 6240 6804 8060 13481 14764 15229 245203 246119