Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4640 4639 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4703 4702 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4640 4639 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4705 4704 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4705 4704 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4705 4704 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4753 4752 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4753 4752 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4753 4752 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4765 4764 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4654 4653 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4703 4702 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4703 4702 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4705 4704 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4705 4704 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4705 4704 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4655 4654 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4706 4705 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4656 4655 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4712 4711 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4712 4711 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4782 4781 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4649 4648 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4663 4662 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4735 4734 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4719 4718 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4712 4711 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4663 4662 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4712 4711 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4729 4728 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4656 4655 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4775 4774 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4640 4774 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4726 4725 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4726 4725 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 227 318 380 363 4775 4774 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4640 4774 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4775 4774 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4745 4744 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4727 4726 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4729 4728 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4778 4776 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4727 4726 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4727 4726 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4728 4727 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4655 4654 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4704 4703 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4723 4722 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 189 237 344 377 379 4772 4771 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4706 4705 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 194 238 398 431 384 4774 4773 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4718 4717 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5569 6885 8003 13491 14711 15805 245028 245245