Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4606 5780 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4669 4654 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4669 4654 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4695 4695 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4691 4691 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4691 4676 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4719 4704 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4739 4724 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4739 4724 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4751 4751 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4606 4606 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4669 4654 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4689 4674 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4695 4695 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4691 4676 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4691 4676 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4641 4627 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4696 4681 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4646 4646 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4702 4685 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4702 4685 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4772 4753 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4639 4639 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4653 4639 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4725 4706 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4691 4691 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4698 4698 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4649 4649 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4698 4698 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4719 4719 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4646 4646 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4761 4742 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 227 318 352 360 4626 4761 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4712 4693 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4716 4697 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4765 4746 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4630 4765 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4761 4742 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4731 4731 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4717 4698 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4719 4719 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4768 4749 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4717 4698 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4717 4698 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4718 4699 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4641 4641 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4670 4670 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4713 4713 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4758 4758 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4696 4696 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 172 195 190 238 398 431 381 4764 4764 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4708 4708 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6239 6800 8062 13481 14764 15230 244295 245284