Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4607 5781 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4670 4655 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4670 4655 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4696 4696 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4692 4692 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4692 4677 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4720 4705 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4740 4725 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4740 4725 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4752 4752 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4607 4607 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4670 4655 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4690 4675 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4696 4696 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4692 4677 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4692 4677 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4642 4628 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4697 4682 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4647 4647 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4703 4686 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4703 4686 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4773 4754 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4640 4640 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4654 4640 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4726 4707 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4692 4692 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4699 4699 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4650 4650 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4699 4699 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4720 4720 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4647 4647 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4762 4743 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4627 4762 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4713 4694 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4718 4698 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4766 4747 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4631 4766 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4762 4743 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4732 4732 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4718 4699 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4720 4720 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4769 4750 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4718 4699 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4718 4699 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4719 4700 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4642 4642 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4671 4671 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4714 4714 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 184 193 238 344 377 374 4759 4759 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4697 4697 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4765 4765 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4709 4709 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6236 6804 8062 13481 14764 15230 244348 245336