Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4620 5781 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4683 4668 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4683 4668 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4673 4673 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4671 4671 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4671 4656 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4733 4718 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4719 4704 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4719 4704 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4731 4731 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4620 4620 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4683 4668 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4669 4654 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4673 4673 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4671 4656 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4671 4656 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4621 4607 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4674 4659 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4624 4624 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4680 4663 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4680 4663 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4750 4731 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4617 4617 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4631 4617 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4703 4684 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4671 4671 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4678 4678 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4629 4629 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4678 4678 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4697 4697 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4624 4624 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4741 4722 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4606 4741 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4692 4673 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4694 4675 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4743 4724 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4608 4743 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4741 4722 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4711 4711 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4695 4676 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4697 4697 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4746 4727 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4695 4676 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4695 4676 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4694 4675 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4621 4621 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4684 4684 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4691 4691 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 170 184 189 237 344 377 374 4738 4738 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4674 4674 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 196 190 238 398 431 381 4740 4740 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4686 4686 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5490 6237 6800 8061 13481 14764 15230 243439 244415