Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4602 5805 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4665 4650 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4665 4650 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4669 4669 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4671 4671 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4671 4656 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4715 4700 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4719 4704 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4719 4704 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4731 4731 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4602 4602 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4665 4650 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4669 4654 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4669 4669 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4671 4656 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4671 4656 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4621 4607 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4670 4655 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4620 4620 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4676 4659 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4676 4659 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4746 4727 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4613 4613 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4627 4613 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4699 4680 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4671 4671 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4678 4678 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4629 4629 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4678 4678 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4693 4693 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4620 4620 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4741 4722 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4606 4741 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4692 4673 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4690 4671 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4739 4720 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4604 4739 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4741 4722 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4711 4711 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4691 4672 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4693 4693 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4742 4723 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4691 4672 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4691 4672 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4692 4673 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4621 4621 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4666 4666 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4687 4687 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4738 4738 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4670 4670 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 195 194 238 398 431 381 4738 4738 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4682 4682 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6239 6804 8060 13481 14764 15230 243217 244235