Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4622 4622 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4685 4685 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4622 4622 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4687 4687 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4671 4671 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4671 4671 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4735 4735 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4719 4719 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4719 4719 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4731 4731 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4636 4636 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4685 4685 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4669 4669 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4689 4689 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4671 4671 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4671 4671 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4621 4621 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4690 4690 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4640 4640 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4696 4696 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4696 4696 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4764 4764 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4633 4633 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4645 4645 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4717 4717 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4685 4685 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4678 4678 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4629 4629 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4678 4678 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4713 4713 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4640 4640 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4741 4741 date | wc -l 33 158 183 227 318 352 363 4606 4741 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4692 4692 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4710 4710 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4759 4759 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4624 4759 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4741 4741 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4711 4711 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4711 4711 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4711 4711 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4762 4762 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4711 4711 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4709 4709 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4710 4710 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4621 4621 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4686 4686 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4707 4707 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 193 237 344 377 379 4738 4738 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4688 4688 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 4756 4756 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4700 4700 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6885 8003 13491 14711 15805 243802 244072