Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4606 5815 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4669 4654 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4669 4654 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4665 4665 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4671 4671 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4671 4656 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4719 4704 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4719 4704 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4719 4704 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4731 4731 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4606 4606 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4669 4654 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4669 4654 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4665 4665 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4671 4656 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4671 4656 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4621 4607 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4666 4651 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4616 4616 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4672 4655 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4672 4655 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4742 4723 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4609 4609 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4623 4609 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4695 4676 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4671 4671 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4678 4678 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4629 4629 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4678 4678 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4689 4689 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4616 4616 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4741 4722 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4606 4741 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4693 4673 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4686 4667 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4735 4716 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4600 4735 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4741 4722 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4711 4711 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4687 4668 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4689 4691 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4738 4719 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4687 4668 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4687 4668 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4690 4671 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4621 4621 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4670 4670 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4683 4683 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 193 237 344 377 374 4738 4738 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4666 4668 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 239 398 431 381 4736 4736 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4678 4678 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6239 6804 8061 13481 14764 15230 243150 244177