Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4614 4614 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4677 4677 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4614 4614 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4679 4679 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4679 4679 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4679 4679 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4727 4727 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4727 4727 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4727 4727 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4739 4739 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4628 4628 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4677 4677 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4677 4677 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4679 4679 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4679 4679 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4679 4679 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4629 4629 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4680 4680 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4630 4630 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4686 4686 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4686 4686 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 232 321 355 366 4756 4756 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4623 4623 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4637 4637 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4709 4709 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4693 4693 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4686 4686 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4637 4637 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4686 4686 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4703 4703 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4630 4630 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 227 318 352 363 4749 4749 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4614 4749 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4700 4700 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4700 4700 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4749 4749 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4614 4749 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4749 4749 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4719 4719 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4701 4701 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4703 4703 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 376 4751 4752 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4701 4701 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4701 4701 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4702 4702 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4629 4629 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4678 4678 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4697 4697 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 237 344 377 379 4746 4746 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4680 4680 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 169 190 239 398 431 384 4748 4748 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4692 4692 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5568 6881 8005 13491 14711 15804 243675 243946