Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4604 5797 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4667 4652 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4667 4652 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4683 4683 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4683 4683 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4683 4668 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4717 4702 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4731 4716 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4731 4716 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4743 4743 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4604 4604 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4667 4652 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4681 4666 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4685 4685 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4683 4668 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4683 4668 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4633 4619 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4686 4671 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4636 4636 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4692 4675 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4692 4675 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 232 321 355 363 4760 4741 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4629 4629 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4641 4627 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4713 4694 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4683 4683 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4690 4690 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4641 4641 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4690 4690 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4709 4709 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4636 4636 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4753 4734 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4618 4753 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4704 4685 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4706 4687 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4755 4736 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4620 4755 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4753 4734 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4723 4723 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4707 4688 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4707 4707 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4757 4739 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4707 4688 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 273 293 324 4705 4686 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4706 4687 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4633 4633 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4668 4668 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4703 4703 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 170 188 193 237 344 377 374 4750 4750 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4684 4684 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 194 238 398 431 381 4752 4752 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4696 4696 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5489 6240 6808 8061 13482 14764 15232 243850 244859