Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4624 4624 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4687 4687 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4624 4624 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4689 4689 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4673 4673 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4673 4673 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4737 4737 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4721 4721 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4721 4721 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4733 4733 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4638 4638 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4687 4687 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4671 4671 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4689 4689 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4673 4673 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4673 4673 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4623 4623 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4690 4690 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4640 4640 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4696 4696 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4696 4696 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4766 4766 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4633 4633 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4647 4647 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4719 4719 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4687 4687 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4680 4680 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4631 4631 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4680 4680 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4713 4713 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4640 4640 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 227 318 352 363 4743 4743 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4608 4743 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4694 4694 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4710 4710 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 227 318 380 363 4759 4759 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4624 4759 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4743 4743 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4713 4713 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4711 4711 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4713 4713 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4762 4762 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4711 4711 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4711 4711 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4712 4712 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4623 4623 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4688 4688 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4707 4707 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 193 237 344 377 379 4740 4740 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4690 4690 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 171 194 238 398 431 384 4758 4758 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4702 4702 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5570 6889 8004 13491 14711 15805 243876 244146