Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4597 5789 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4660 4645 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4660 4645 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4664 4662 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4672 4672 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4672 4657 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4710 4695 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4720 4705 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4720 4705 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4732 4732 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4597 4597 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4660 4645 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4670 4655 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4662 4662 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4672 4657 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4672 4657 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4622 4608 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4663 4648 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4613 4613 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4669 4652 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4669 4652 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4739 4720 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4606 4606 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4620 4606 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4692 4673 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4672 4672 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4681 4679 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4632 4630 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4681 4679 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4688 4686 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4613 4613 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 227 318 352 360 4742 4723 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4607 4742 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4693 4674 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4683 4664 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4732 4713 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 226 318 380 360 4597 4732 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4742 4723 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4712 4712 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4684 4665 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4682 4682 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4735 4716 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4684 4665 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4684 4665 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4685 4666 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4622 4622 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4661 4661 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4680 4680 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 188 189 237 344 377 374 4739 4739 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4661 4659 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4733 4731 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4671 4671 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6240 6800 8062 13481 14764 15230 243029 244022