Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4597 4597 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4660 4660 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4597 4597 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4662 4662 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4658 4658 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4658 4658 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4710 4710 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4706 4706 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4706 4706 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4718 4718 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4611 4611 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4660 4660 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4656 4656 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4662 4662 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4658 4658 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4658 4658 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4608 4608 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4663 4663 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4613 4613 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4669 4669 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4669 4669 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4739 4739 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4606 4606 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4620 4620 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4692 4692 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4672 4672 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4665 4665 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4616 4616 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4665 4665 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4686 4686 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4613 4613 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4728 4728 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4593 4728 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4679 4679 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4683 4683 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4732 4732 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4597 4732 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4728 4728 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4698 4698 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4684 4684 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4686 4686 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 377 4734 4735 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4684 4684 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4684 4684 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4685 4685 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4608 4608 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4661 4661 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4680 4680 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 238 344 377 379 4725 4725 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4663 4663 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 4731 4731 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4675 4675 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6881 8003 13491 14711 15805 242711 242982