Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4595 4595 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4658 4658 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4595 4595 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4660 4660 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4660 4660 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4660 4660 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4708 4708 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4708 4708 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4708 4708 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4720 4720 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4609 4609 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4658 4658 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4658 4658 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4660 4660 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4660 4660 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4660 4660 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4610 4610 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4661 4661 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4611 4611 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4667 4667 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4667 4667 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4737 4737 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4604 4604 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4618 4618 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4690 4690 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4674 4674 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4667 4667 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4618 4618 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4667 4667 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4684 4684 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4611 4611 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4730 4730 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4595 4730 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4681 4681 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4681 4681 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 227 318 380 363 4730 4730 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4595 4730 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 226 326 360 370 4730 4730 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4700 4700 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4682 4682 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4684 4684 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 376 4733 4733 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4683 4682 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4682 4682 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4683 4683 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4610 4610 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4659 4659 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4678 4678 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 238 344 377 379 4727 4727 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4661 4661 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 194 239 398 431 384 4729 4729 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4673 4673 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6885 8005 13491 14711 15804 242689 242958