Number of Syscalls ID dash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 64 59 144 156 197 4601 4601 echo hi 02 97 122 131 231 254 277 4664 4664 date 03 42 66 59 145 157 192 4601 4601 date ; 04 98 123 132 269 292 284 4666 4666 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 123 132 233 256 281 4666 4666 date; echo hi 06 98 123 132 233 256 281 4666 4666 echo hi; date 07 139 166 189 292 313 345 4714 4714 date; date 08 139 166 189 292 313 346 4714 4714 { date; date; } 09 139 166 189 292 313 346 4714 4714 date; { date; } 10 149 175 198 310 331 376 4726 4726 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 47 72 73 174 184 230 4615 4615 (echo hi) 12 97 122 133 239 262 283 4664 4664 (date) 13 97 122 133 247 270 289 4664 4664 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 123 134 249 272 293 4666 4666 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 98 123 134 241 264 287 4666 4666 echo hi; (date) 16 98 123 134 241 264 287 4666 4666 echo hi; (date;) 17 48 73 74 175 185 234 4616 4616 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 99 124 147 242 285 291 4667 4667 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 73 74 176 186 234 4617 4617 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 105 128 139 234 257 280 4673 4673 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 100 125 141 242 265 286 4673 4673 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 164 187 231 321 355 366 4743 4743 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 70 66 154 166 204 4610 4610 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 50 75 81 177 187 232 4624 4624 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 116 139 174 264 285 315 4696 4696 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 105 130 146 262 284 314 4680 4680 (date; echo hi) 27 106 131 154 250 292 296 4673 4673 echo $(date) 28 55 81 93 185 194 240 4624 4624 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 131 154 279 300 302 4673 4673 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 140 169 282 303 331 4690 4690 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 73 74 176 186 234 4617 4617 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 158 183 226 318 352 363 4736 4736 date | wc -l 33 158 183 226 318 352 363 4601 4736 ! date | wc -l 34 108 133 167 261 282 313 4687 4687 echo a | wc -l 35 108 133 167 261 282 356 4687 4687 command echo a | wc -l 36 158 183 226 318 380 363 4736 4736 command date | wc -l 37 158 183 226 318 380 363 4601 4736 ! command date | wc -l 38 158 183 227 326 360 370 4736 4736 ( date ) | wc -l 39 141 195 200 298 318 322 4706 4706 date | read x 40 109 134 168 262 283 319 4688 4688 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 135 169 264 285 323 4690 4690 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 160 185 241 350 383 376 4739 4739 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 109 134 168 262 283 320 4688 4688 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 109 134 168 272 293 327 4688 4688 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 110 135 183 302 322 338 4689 4689 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 78 82 201 210 238 4616 4616 echo hi & wait 47 104 128 142 258 280 288 4665 4665 date & wait 48 117 139 178 287 307 330 4684 4684 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 189 237 344 377 379 4733 4733 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 129 143 296 318 293 4667 4667 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 190 238 398 431 384 4735 4735 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 136 153 326 346 323 4679 4679 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5567 6881 8003 13491 14711 15804 243000 243270