Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4599 5765 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4662 4647 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4662 4647 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4664 4664 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4666 4666 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4666 4651 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4712 4697 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4714 4699 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4714 4699 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4726 4726 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4599 4599 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4662 4647 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4664 4649 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4654 4654 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4666 4651 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4666 4651 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4616 4602 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4655 4640 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4605 4605 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4661 4644 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4661 4644 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4741 4722 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4598 4598 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4622 4608 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4694 4675 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4666 4666 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4673 4673 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4624 4624 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4673 4673 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4678 4678 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4605 4605 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4736 4717 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 226 318 352 360 4601 4736 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4687 4668 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4675 4656 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4724 4705 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4589 4724 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 226 326 360 367 4736 4717 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4706 4706 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4676 4657 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4688 4688 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4727 4708 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4676 4657 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4686 4667 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4687 4668 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4616 4616 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4663 4663 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4672 4672 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 167 188 189 237 344 377 374 4733 4733 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4665 4665 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 195 190 238 398 431 381 4733 4733 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4677 4677 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5486 6240 6800 8062 13481 14764 15230 242821 243802