Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4590 5762 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4653 4638 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4653 4638 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4653 4653 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4653 4653 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4653 4638 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4703 4688 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4701 4686 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4701 4686 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4713 4713 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4590 4590 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4653 4638 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4651 4636 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4651 4651 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4653 4638 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4653 4638 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4603 4589 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4652 4637 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4602 4602 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4658 4641 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4658 4641 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4730 4711 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4595 4595 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4611 4597 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4683 4664 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4653 4653 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4660 4660 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4611 4611 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4660 4660 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4675 4675 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4602 4602 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4723 4704 date | wc -l 33 157 178 183 227 318 352 360 4588 4723 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4674 4655 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4672 4653 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 227 318 380 360 4721 4702 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4586 4721 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 367 4723 4704 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4693 4693 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4673 4654 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4677 4677 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4724 4705 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4673 4654 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4675 4656 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 303 4676 4657 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4603 4603 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4654 4654 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4669 4669 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 188 189 237 344 377 374 4720 4720 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4654 4654 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 239 398 431 381 4722 4722 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4666 4666 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6241 6800 8065 13481 14764 15230 242343 243330