Number of Syscalls ID dash yash ash mksh bash-5 bash-4 zsh ysh osh Description 01 40 49 64 59 144 156 194 4592 5751 echo hi 02 90 100 114 117 207 232 250 4655 4640 date 03 90 100 114 131 207 232 250 4655 4640 date ; 04 98 116 123 132 269 292 281 4655 4655 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date 05 98 112 123 132 233 256 278 4655 4655 date; echo hi 06 91 104 115 132 209 256 254 4655 4640 echo hi; date 07 132 149 158 189 268 313 318 4705 4690 date; date 08 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4703 4688 { date; date; } 09 132 149 158 189 292 313 319 4703 4688 date; { date; } 10 149 171 175 198 310 331 373 4715 4715 . _tmp/sourced.sh 11 40 50 64 73 174 184 203 4592 4592 (echo hi) 12 90 101 114 133 239 262 256 4655 4640 (date) 13 90 102 114 133 247 270 262 4653 4638 ( ( date ) ) 14 98 114 123 134 249 272 290 4655 4655 ( ( date ) ); echo hi 15 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4655 4640 echo hi; (date) 16 91 105 115 134 241 264 260 4655 4640 echo hi; (date;) 17 41 53 65 74 175 185 207 4605 4591 echo hi; (echo hi;) 18 92 108 116 147 242 285 264 4656 4641 echo hi; (echo hi; date) 19 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4606 4606 ( echo hi ); echo hi 20 96 105 118 139 234 257 256 4662 4645 date > /tmp/redir.txt 21 93 119 117 141 242 265 259 4662 4645 (date;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 22 163 167 187 231 321 355 363 4732 4713 date 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 23 48 57 70 66 154 166 201 4599 4599 echo hi > /tmp/redir.txt 24 43 60 67 81 177 187 205 4613 4599 (echo hi;) > /tmp/sentence.txt 25 115 119 139 174 264 285 312 4685 4666 echo hi 2> /tmp/stderr.txt | wc -l 26 98 113 123 146 262 284 287 4655 4655 (date; echo hi) 27 106 124 131 154 250 292 293 4662 4662 echo $(date) 28 55 73 81 93 185 194 237 4613 4613 echo $(echo hi) 29 106 125 131 154 279 300 299 4662 4662 echo $( ( date ) ) 30 114 138 140 169 282 303 328 4679 4679 echo $( ( date ); echo hi ) 31 48 62 73 74 176 186 231 4606 4606 ( echo hi ); echo done 32 157 162 183 226 318 352 360 4725 4706 date | wc -l 33 157 177 183 226 318 352 360 4590 4725 ! date | wc -l 34 107 112 133 167 261 282 310 4676 4657 echo a | wc -l 35 107 112 133 167 261 282 353 4676 4657 command echo a | wc -l 36 157 170 183 226 318 380 360 4725 4706 command date | wc -l 37 157 186 183 227 318 380 360 4590 4725 ! command date | wc -l 38 157 162 183 227 326 360 367 4725 4706 ( date ) | wc -l 39 140 171 195 200 298 318 319 4695 4695 date | read x 40 108 115 134 168 262 283 289 4677 4658 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l 41 110 132 135 169 264 285 320 4679 4679 { echo a; echo b; } | wc -l; echo done 42 159 167 185 241 350 383 344 4728 4709 { echo a; date; } | wc -l 43 108 115 134 168 262 283 317 4677 4658 ( echo a; echo b ) | wc -l 44 108 116 134 168 272 293 324 4677 4658 ( echo a; echo b ) | ( wc -l ) 45 109 120 135 183 302 322 305 4678 4659 { echo prefix; ( echo a; echo b ); } | ( wc -l ) 46 54 66 78 82 201 210 233 4605 4605 echo hi & wait 47 104 117 128 142 258 280 283 4656 4656 date & wait 48 117 137 139 178 287 307 325 4673 4673 echo hi | wc -l & wait 49 168 188 193 237 344 377 374 4722 4722 date | wc -l & wait 50 105 125 129 143 296 318 290 4656 4656 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date & wait 51 168 196 190 238 398 431 381 4724 4724 trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date | wc -l & wait 52 112 133 136 153 326 346 318 4668 4668 { trap 'echo mytrap' EXIT; date; } & wait TOTAL 5487 6240 6804 8062 13481 14764 15232 242477 243451